The Old Masters and Their Pictures, For the Use of Schools and Learners in Art — A Reader’s Guide

Biography as Art Criticism

Tytler consistently uses an artist's life story to frame their work. For Domenichino, she links his 'miserable' fate—including suspicion of poisoning—to his 'terrible representations of martyrdoms.' She quotes Kugler to note that martyrdom subjects 'had come into fashion' for providing 'plentiful food' for passionate emotion. For Salvator Rosa, she recounts his satires, his role in the Compagnia della Morte, and the legend of his joining banditti, which she dismisses as arising from his 'familiarity with mountain passes.' This biographical emphasis means that the excerpts offer little close analysis of individual paintings; instead, the artist's character and circumstances are treated as keys to their style.

Moral and Aesthetic Judgments

Tytler's voice is evaluative and occasionally severe. She describes Domenichino as having 'more taste than fancy' and making 'free use of the compositions of even contemporary artists.' Of Salvator Rosa, she writes that he 'was the incarnation of the arrogant, fickle, fierce Neapolitan spirit.' She endorses Ruskin's criticism of Rosa's 'reckless carelessness and untruthfulness to nature.' These judgments are not supported by detailed visual evidence in the excerpts; they function as a guide for the reader's moral and aesthetic orientation. The book's intended audience—schools and learners—may explain this didactic tone, which prioritizes character over technique.

The Limits of the Excerpts

The excerpts cover only two later Italian painters (Domenichino and Salvator Rosa) and the book's prefaces and contents. They do not include Tytler's treatments of earlier masters like Giotto, Leonardo, or Raphael, which constitute the bulk of the volume. The catalog subjects 'Painters' and 'Painting—History' are accurate, but the excerpts suggest a narrower focus on biography and moral commentary than a comprehensive history might imply. Readers should not assume that the entire book follows the same pattern; the added chapters on Italian and German, Dutch, and Flemish masters, mentioned in the preface, may offer more systematic art-historical content.

Tytler's handbook is best approached as a Victorian educator's introduction, where personality and moral example serve as entry points to art. The excerpts show a writer unafraid to judge, but the full text likely balances such commentary with descriptions of famous works. Readers interested in the paintings themselves may need to supplement this volume with more visually oriented sources.