On the Laws of Japanese Painting: An Introduction to the Study of the Art of Japan — Inside the Classic

The Codification of Brushwork

Bowie devotes considerable space to enumerating specific brush techniques, each with a name and a prescribed application. For instance, the kwappitsu or “dry brush” is recommended for the base of rocks where moss accumulates, while the in yo principle dictates lightness on elevated portions and strength below. The text includes dozens of named strokes—such as the silk-thread line and iron-wire line—each tied to a particular effect. This taxonomic approach suggests that Bowie aimed to preserve a formal curriculum, not merely describe it.

The Dot as a Seasonal and Structural Element

The section on ten po (laws of dots) reveals a system where dot shapes correspond to seasons and tree types. The sui to ten (drooping wistaria dot) is for spring, the kiku kwa ten (chrysanthemum dot) for summer, and the sha rin shin (wheel spoke dot) for pine needles. Bowie notes that mastering these dots takes three years—ten tai san nen—and that they must never obscure the branches they adorn. The chobo chobo practice, emphasized by the Kano school, adds final enlivening dots, likened to a rain shower on vegetation.

Memory Aids from Chinese Characters

Bowie explains that certain Chinese characters serve as mnemonic shapes for painting elements: the character for “heart” (shin) guides foliage and grass, while “one” (ichi) produces layered maple foliage. He cautions that the exact character must not be painted; only its “spirit” should inform the brush. This reliance on calligraphic forms as compositional templates underscores the integration of writing and painting in Japanese art education. The book also lists patterns like fish scales for pine needles and stork legs for branches, further illustrating a memory-based pedagogy.

Readers should note that Bowie's text is a translation and compilation of Japanese studio teachings, not a firsthand artistic guide. The numerous plate references—over forty—are essential for understanding the strokes described, though the digital edition may not include them. The book's value lies in its detailed terminology and rules, which offer a rare window into the formal training of Japanese painters in the early 1900s.